Abstract

Poster - Splinter Relativistic   (MW-2050)

Beyond the Standard Atomic Model: Photon as the Primary Building Block

Gh.Saleh
Saleh Research Centre

Since ancient times, humanity has attempted to identify the fundamental building blocks of matter. Early civilizations described nature through four classical elements, while modern science established atoms and later subatomic particles as the basis of material structure. The periodic table further organized matter through combinations of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with hydrogen commonly regarded as the simplest atomic element. This study proposes an alternative conceptual framework in which the photon is considered the fundamental structural unit of all matter. According to this model, electrons, protons, and neutrons are interpreted as different configurations of photons. Specifically, the electron is described as an organized array of photons rotating along the surface of an imaginary sphere without a central core. The proton is proposed as a dense and compact spherical accumulation of photons. The neutron is introduced as a composite structure consisting of a proton-like core surrounded by an electron-like shell. Based on this framework, the photon is presented as a “new atom” — the primary constituent underlying all material existence in the universe. Extending this hypothesis, a deeper structural entity named Cidtonium is introduced as the proposed constituent of the photon itself and consequently the foundational element of all particles and matter. Within this proposed framework, the photon is not only regarded as the foundational constituent of elementary particles but also as the underlying building block of all cosmic structures. Accordingly, astronomical systems ranging from stars and planets to galaxies and large-scale structures of the universe are interpreted as emergent organizations of photon-based matter across different scales of complexity. This work presents a conceptual model intended to stimulate discussion on alternative interpretations of matter organization and hierarchical particle structure beyond conventional approaches.